Monday 14 November 2016

West Australia













I have been back from Western Australia for a week or so now and it has taken a while to catalogue the thousands of photographs I took on the trip. Although I was there to help Simon with his eagle studies (see previous post), it was impossible to not notice the wealth of wild flowers that were in bloom as we walked through the forests and heaths in the Perth Hills. WA is famous for its wild flowers and many were new to me as I live in eastern Australia where many of the flowers differ from those in the west. So, here I have selected and posted a some shots that give an impression of the variety of colour and form of those plants. There is a set of ten pictures in this first gallery and more will follow as I slowly progress through the catalogue. Only the species names and a few notes are given. This not an intense post, I simply want to share their beauty.

Perth Hills Flora - GALLERY 1



























Sticky Starflower Calytrix glutinosa


























Variegated Featherflower Verticordia huegelii
The flowers turn from white to pink after fertilisation



Blue Leschenaultia Leschenaultia biloba



White Cottonhead Conostylis setosa



Rough Honeymyrtle Melaleuca parviceps
Like bursts of fireworks




Hairy Pimelea Pimelea imbricata



Resurrection Plant Borya sphaerocephala
These plants of dry rocky places spring into life after rain 



Goodenia drumondii 
Are there so many plants in Western Australia that this one cannot be given a common name?



Native Fuchsia Grevillea wilsonii











   Flowerhead detail of Native Fuchsia Grevillea wilsonii showing the uncurling pollen-presenters


    

Monday 31 October 2016

Wedge-tailed Eagles in the Perth Hills

A nine week old wedge-tailed eagle Aquila audax chick on its eyrie


I have been over in Western Australia for the past week helping Simon Cherriman ring/band and satellite-tag wedge-tailed eagle chicks for part of his PhD study on the species'  behavioural ecology. As this is Simon's study, I will only post a few snippets here to give a picture of the birds; how we ring them, their habitat and prey. To read more on Simon's work please visit his website at simoncherriman.blogspot.com.au.



The wedge-tailed eagles' habitat in the Perth Hills is mostly woodland with open patches of heath, so there is considerable cover for potential prey species. This is quite different from the more open landscape of central Australia, or the open hillsides which golden eagles live in in Scotland. There is a chick in an eyrie on the right of the photograph.



Simon measures the bill of a young wedge-tailed eagle.The sex of even young birds can be determined by the size of their bills and feet relative to their age.The females are larger. Bill Brown, who has also been helping Simon, holds the chick firmly but gently. He is well-accustomed to handling eagles as he has studied them in Tasmania.



This chick was about four weeks old. At this age the chicks are still mostly covered with white down, with only the first brown feathers opening from their quills on their wings and tail.


Simon pulls himself up by rope to reach an eagle eyrie. Although this looks easy with modern climbing equipment, Simon also makes it look easy because he is one of the best, probably the best, tree-climber I have seen, whether free-climbing or with technical aid.



The Perth Hills eagle study area is only about 30 km from the city centre of Perth, less from the airport. A Qantas flight passes overhead; there seemed to be a flight like this every few minutes while we were at this nest site.


The eagles appear to select the largest trees in their territory to nest in. Often these are remnants of the once widespread forest which would have been mostly of such grand trees as Jarrah Eucalyptus marginata, Marri E. calophylla and Wandoo E. wandoo. This nest was about 25 m from the ground, similar to most of the nests in the area.



While at the nest sites, we searched around the base of the nest trees and any other perches in neighbouring trees, looking for the remains of prey. At this nest site there were remains of a minimum of two Red-tailed Black Cockatoos, three Kookaburras, one Australian Magpie, one Australian Raven, twelve Shingle-back Lizards and two young Western Grey Kangaroos. These are all woodland species and the eagles possibly catch the lizards after watching from perches in the high trees. We do not know if the birds are be able to see the understorey where the shingle-backs live from high in the sky. However, Simon's study should reveal just how the eagles hunt, as the tags measure the height that the eagles fly at. So for now this is only my supposition.



The four week old chick is here placed in a bag ready to be lifted back into its eyrie. This bird has a standard numbered metal ring on its right leg and a coloured metal ring with a unique number on its left leg which is more easily read in the field or caught on camera.



Simon checks that a larger chick, which has been fitted with a satellite-tag, is alright before he abseiled back down out of the tree and we left the bird to settle down. Satellite-tracking of eagles and other birds is a well-established method for finding out where birds move to, revealing where they hunt and whether they migrate or wander nomadic-ally, and if so where to. The full details of this birds movements will be analysed by Simon as part of his study, but meanwhile a sample of the information he has collected from previously tagged eagles can be read on his website as linked above. And I am sure Simon will post snippets of information on this bird's movements as soon as he can.  

Saturday 29 October 2016

Garden quenda

A Quenda, Southern Brown Bandicoot Isoodon obesulus 


I am over in Perth, Western Australia for ten days helping Simon Cherriman monitor, ring and tag wedge-tailed eagles, more of that in a later post, for now here are a few images of the local wildlife, starting with a sample from the garden.

Simon sets off down the front drive to hang some nest boxes for black cockatoos around a local school


The house sits in a large rural residential block with a mix of local and introduced flora. And Simon has put several nest-boxes up for various parrot species, owls and ducks, as most of the trees are too young to have natural holes large enough for these large birds.

Morning light on a corner of the garden


The mix of water in the dams, boxes to nest in and grass to eat make the garden a great breeding area for Australian Wood Ducks Chenonetta jubata.

Gum trees reflected on the lower dam




A pair of Australian Wood Ducks with their brood of three well-grown ducklings


There are numerous nectar-bearing shrubs such as bottlebrushes Callistemon spp and these are full of honeyeaters feeding from the flowers.

A New Holland Honeyeater Phylidonyris novaehollandiae


There are four species of honeyeater in the garden, all fighting and chasing one another for the nectar: Red Wattlebirds Anthochaera carunculata are top of the hierarchy as they are the largest, then there are the Western Wattlebirds A. lunulata, the New Holland Honeyeaters and finally the Western Spinebills Acanthorhynchus superciliosus 

A Western Wattlebird feeding on a bottlebrush bush


My morning started with a great view of a Quenda exploring the front porch.These are charming little marsupials, and a small population live in the garden, foraging in the leaf litter mostly at night and sleeping in nests under the litter during the middle of the day.

An adult male quenda on the front doormat


When I went out for a walk around the garden in the early morning, a young quenda came right by me and began foraging in the mulch for invertebrates.

They burrow their snouts right under the litter, sniffing and probing for food


The youngster was quite unafraid of me as I squatted down and watched it going about its business.



But I had to be quick with the camera as the little quenda could move quickly when it decided to. It was good to see a native animal thriving in a garden setting. The conditions are good for them; they have food and shelter, and it is a cat-free zone, so the population is probably exporting animals out to the surrounding native bushland. What a terrific wildlife garden.



 

Monday 24 October 2016

Sundews and orchids

Pale Sundew Drosera peltata





 It is well into spring now in Canberra and I have been running around trying to keep up with the wildlife as the breeding and season flies on. So, I have not had time to upload many posts, there is just so much to do, see and record. As there has been so much rain, the wild flowers are all blooming well. One species that is normally quiet reluctant to flower and tends to grow on moist banks or in gullies is the Pale Sundew, and I have never seen it flower so well as this season. There are large stands of it in places and all the plants in the groups are flowering.

Insects trapped by the sticky tips  on the specialised sundew leaves - adapted to digest nutrients from the insects bodies 


The tiny petals on the flowers do not seem to last long, and flies were the main pollinators this day. Their individual flowers were insignificant to our eyes, but on-mass they were unusually spectacular, dotting the greenery on the floor of the forest.

The sundews growing on this bank shone like fireworks in the backlight


The backlight also picked out the dramatic drooping flowers of the Nodding Greenhood orchids growing nearby. This orchid is listed as rare/threatened in the Canberra area, but on this shady bank there are scores of plants. Perhaps the species would thrive better if it grew as more individuals or smaller groups. I know of a few other colonies, but not many.

Nodding Greenhood Pterostylis nutans


And while I was photographing these spectacular plants, a pair of Tawny Frogmouths were looking down on me . The male from the nest and the female from her daytime roost. Well, it was while I was checking on the progress of this pair that I found the flowers.

The male frogmouth on the nest during the daytime


Frogmouths are so difficult to find, that one has to look really carefully and pay attention to everything in the forest. Some clues to the birds' presence, such as their droppings, lie on the ground. So my eyes are up, down, all over the place, checking everything for signs. If you are looking for frogmouths, you are likely to see everything else.

The female frogmouth in her roost


   

Friday 23 September 2016

Heads or Tails

Not the head, but the tail of a Shingleback


The local reptiles are beginning to show as Spring moves on and the days warm up. There have been rustles in the garden when the little skinks scurried for cover as I passed and I saw my first Shingleback Tiliqua rugosa in the bush a few days ago. These are a species of blue-tongue skink, one of the larger types of lizards in south-east Australia, and as they are slow moving and terrestrial, they need a few tricks for defence from predators.

A Shingleback out in the open, seen from above - a raptor's eye view. Which is the head end?



Their main adaptation for protection from predators is deception by camouflage. They are a simple long brown, grey shape that mimics a stick or small broken branch lying on ground. This probablly hides them from aerial predators such as, in our area, Little and Wedge-tailed Eagles. Then if a predator ventures closer, it might be tricked into attacking the tail rather than the head end of the Shingleback because the tail mimics the form of the head. The skink's next strategy when touched is to turn itself around into a tight U-shape, open its mouth wide open, and thrust out its large blue tongue - a shock or startle defence. Blue is such an unusual colour in animals, that it probably has a particularly high startle effect. However, this startle is mostly bluff as the Shingleback has little else to defend itself. They are mostly vegetarian, with a fondness for soft flowers, so they do not have large or sharp teeth or claws.

When seen from ground level, the eyes make the head more obvious


I would like to see their defence in action against a predator, although at the same time would rather not as I like shinglebacks and would not like to see one hurt. They are such quiet non-aggressive animals. Perhaps the evidence of me seeing them quite frequently when out in the bush is enough to prove their defence's efficiency.

Shinglebacks are quiet and easily overlooked, but their slow lifestyle makes them easy prey for their main predators,
which these days are the introduced fox and domestic cat 




See the previous posts on shinglebacks listed on the right for more information on them, including a shot of that blue tongue.